Anything that needs to happen with data in an IndexedDB database happens in a transaction. There are a few things to note about transactions that are mentioned in the Remarks section at the bottom of this page.

We’ll use the database we set up in Opening a database.

// Create a new transaction, we'll use the default "readonly" mode and the things store
var transaction = db.transaction(["things"]);

// Transactions use events, just like database open requests. Let's listen for success
transaction.oncomplete = function() {
    console.log("All done!");
};

// And make sure we handle errors
transaction.onerror = function() {
    console.log("Something went wrong with our transaction: ", transaction.error);
};

// Now that everything is set up, let's get our things store and load some objects!
var store = transaction.objectStore("things");

// We'll load the coffee_cup object we added in Adding objects
var request = store.get("coffee_cup");

// Let's listen so we can see if everything went well
request.onsuccess = function(event) {
    // All done, let's log our object to the console
    console.log(request.result);
};

// That was pretty long for a basic retrieval. If we just want to get just
// the one object and don't care about errors, we can shorten things a lot
db.transaction("things").objectStore("things")
    .get("coffee_cup").onsuccess = e => console.log(e.target.result);